diff --git a/tests/unit/test_structured.py b/tests/unit/test_structured.py
index 889da54..2b4df28 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_structured.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_structured.py
@@ -177,3 +177,39 @@ class TestNativeOverlayFirstAttempt:
         resp = await _mw()(ChatRequest(messages=_MSGS, structured=Verdict), terminal)
         with pytest.raises(dataclasses.FrozenInstanceError):
             resp.structured_data = None
+
+
+class TestSamplingSnapshotInvariant:
+    """地基不变式: `sampling` 跨洋葱层恒定,`overlay` 会被结构化注入(issue #4)。
+
+    缓存 key(决策 C)与三个遥测入口(决策 D)都建立在这条之上,而它此前只靠
+    "dataclasses.replace 恰好保留未提及字段"的约定成立,无任何机械执法。
+    这个测试是那份执法——它红了就意味着两个决策同时失效。
+    """
+
+    async def test_sampling_survives_feedback_ladder_while_overlay_diverges(self):
+        caller_sampling = {"temperature": 0, "seed": 42}
+        # 先坏后好,强制走一次带反馈重问(重问会 replace messages)
+        terminal = ScriptedTerminal(["not json at all", '{"answer": 1, "reason": "r"}'])
+        mw = _mw(strategy=NativeSchemaStrategy(), max_retries=1)
+        await mw(
+            ChatRequest(messages=_MSGS, structured=Verdict, sampling=caller_sampling),
+            terminal,
+        )
+        assert len(terminal.requests) == 2  # 确实重问过
+        for seen in terminal.requests:
+            # ① 跨层恒定: 每次尝试看到的 sampling 与调用方传入的逐字相同
+            assert seen.sampling == caller_sampling
+            # ② 确实分叉: 同一时刻 overlay 已被注入 response_format
+            assert seen.overlay["response_format"]["type"] == "json_schema"
+            assert "response_format" not in seen.sampling
+
+    async def test_middleware_does_not_mutate_caller_mapping(self):
+        """决策 E 的第二条约束: 中间件只能 replace 派生,不得就地改这两个 dict。"""
+        caller_sampling = {"seed": 7}
+        terminal = ScriptedTerminal(['{"answer": 1, "reason": "r"}'])
+        await _mw(strategy=NativeSchemaStrategy())(
+            ChatRequest(messages=_MSGS, structured=Verdict, sampling=caller_sampling),
+            terminal,
+        )
+        assert caller_sampling == {"seed": 7}  # 调用方的对象未被污染