Round 6 hit account-level rate throttling the concurrency AIMD cannot
absorb: at 26 req/min the gateway still returned 16% 429s and each one
burned a third of the retry budget. Retry-After-guided 429s now back
off without consuming attempts (gRPC pushback semantics); the retry
loop gains a per-call ceiling using the same dual-condition stall
verdict as quota-wait (local window exceeded AND no global progress).