feat: add grounded distractor selector with visual scoring

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2026-07-14 14:06:07 -04:00
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"""Grounded 干扰项 selector — 候选池 + VLM 视觉打分 + 区间选择(仅 AR 路径)。
把干扰项从"VLM 主观写得像"下沉到机制层:VLM 生成 N 个候选干扰项,再对
候选 + 正解逐一打"视觉可信度"分,按 [正解分-δ_high, 正解分-δ_low] 区间
选 3 个 grounded near-miss,从机制上消灭 Easy-Options Bias。
设计: research-wiki/designs/2026-07-14-grounded-question-gen-phaseA-design.md §3
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import json
from dataclasses import dataclass
from pathlib import Path
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
from json_repair import repair_json
from loguru import logger
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from app.question_gen.sampler_v2 import MaterialContext
from core.protocols import VLMProvider
_PROMPTS_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent / "store" / "prompts" / "question_gen"
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class SelectorConfig:
"""selector 科研参数。
属性:
candidate_pool_size: 首轮候选干扰项数 N。
delta_low: 干扰项视觉分与正解的最小差(上界,太近=真歧义)。
delta_high: 干扰项视觉分与正解的最大差(下界,太低=负空间)。
max_delta_relax: δ_high 放宽次数上限(退火)。
delta_relax_step: 每次放宽 δ_high 的增量。
"""
candidate_pool_size: int
delta_low: float
delta_high: float
max_delta_relax: int = 2
delta_relax_step: float = 0.1
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class SelectorOutcome:
"""selector 产出。observation 始终存在(含 hard-fail),供 run_store 落库。
属性:
observation: 打分观测 dictcorrect_score/chosen/pool_size/anneal_rounds/hard_fail)。
options: 重组四选项(A=正解),hard-fail 时为 None。
answer: 正解字母(恒 "A"),hard-fail 时为 None。
"""
observation: dict
options: tuple[str, ...] | None = None
answer: str | None = None
@property
def hard_fail(self) -> bool:
"""是否硬失败(凑不齐 3 个 grounded 干扰项)。"""
return self.options is None
def _select_in_interval(
correct_score: float,
candidates: list[str],
candidate_scores: list[float],
delta_low: float,
delta_high: float,
) -> list[str] | None:
"""从候选中选 3 个视觉分落 [correct-δ_high, correct-δ_low] 区间的干扰项。
落区间者按分数降序取前 3(分数越高越接近正解=越难)。不足 3 个返回 None。
参数:
correct_score: 正解视觉可信度分。
candidates: 候选干扰项文本列表。
candidate_scores: 与 candidates 对齐的视觉分列表。
delta_low: 最小差(上界 = correct - delta_low)。
delta_high: 最大差(下界 = correct - delta_high)。
返回:
选中的 3 个候选文本(降序)或 None(不足 3 个)。
"""
upper = correct_score - delta_low
lower = correct_score - delta_high
eligible = [
(c, s)
for c, s in zip(candidates, candidate_scores, strict=True)
if lower <= s <= upper
]
if len(eligible) < 3:
return None
eligible.sort(key=lambda cs: cs[1], reverse=True)
return [c for c, _ in eligible[:3]]
def _load_prompt(name: str) -> str:
path = _PROMPTS_DIR / name
if not path.exists():
msg = f"Prompt 模板不存在: {path}"
raise FileNotFoundError(msg)
return path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
def _material_context_block(question: str, correct_text: str, material: MaterialContext) -> str:
parts = [f"## Question\n{question}", f"## Correct Answer\n{correct_text}"]
if material.subtitle_sentences:
parts.append("## Subtitles")
parts.extend(f" - {s}" for s in material.subtitle_sentences)
if getattr(material, "cross_l2_texts", None):
parts.append("## Cross-Segment Context")
parts.extend(f" - {t}" for t in material.cross_l2_texts)
return "\n".join(parts)
def _parse_json_object(raw: str) -> dict:
content = raw.strip()
if "```" in content:
for part in content.split("```"):
stripped = part.strip()
if stripped.startswith("json"):
stripped = stripped[4:].strip()
if stripped.startswith("{"):
content = stripped
break
data = json.loads(repair_json(content, return_objects=False))
if not isinstance(data, dict):
msg = f"selector 响应顶层非 JSON 对象: {type(data).__name__}"
raise ValueError(msg)
return data
async def _generate_pool(
vlm: VLMProvider, question: str, correct_text: str,
material: MaterialContext, n: int, *, session_id: str,
) -> list[str]:
"""VLM 生成 n 个候选干扰项文本。"""
system = _load_prompt("ar_distractor_pool.md")
user = _material_context_block(question, correct_text, material) + f"\n## N\nGenerate exactly {n} distractors."
messages = [{"role": "system", "content": system}, {"role": "user", "content": user}]
resp = await vlm.chat_with_images(messages, list(material.frame_paths), session_id=session_id)
data = _parse_json_object(resp.content)
raw = data.get("distractors", [])
if not isinstance(raw, list):
return []
# 防御:去空、去重、剔除与正解字面相同者
seen: set[str] = set()
out: list[str] = []
for item in raw:
text = str(item).strip()
if not text or text == correct_text.strip() or text in seen:
continue
seen.add(text)
out.append(text)
return out
async def _score_options(
vlm: VLMProvider, question: str, options: list[str],
material: MaterialContext, *, session_id: str,
) -> list[float]:
"""VLM 对 options(首个为正解)逐一打视觉可信度分 [0,1],返回对齐分数列表。"""
system = _load_prompt("ar_distractor_score.md")
numbered = "\n".join(f"{i}. {opt}" for i, opt in enumerate(options, 1))
user = f"## Question\n{question}\n\n## Candidates\n{numbered}"
messages = [{"role": "system", "content": system}, {"role": "user", "content": user}]
resp = await vlm.chat_with_images(messages, list(material.frame_paths), session_id=session_id)
data = _parse_json_object(resp.content)
scores_raw = data.get("scores", [])
if not isinstance(scores_raw, list) or len(scores_raw) != len(options):
msg = f"打分数量({len(scores_raw) if isinstance(scores_raw, list) else 'NA'}) != 选项数({len(options)})"
raise ValueError(msg)
return [max(0.0, min(1.0, float(s))) for s in scores_raw]
async def build_grounded_options(
vlm: VLMProvider,
question: str,
correct_text: str,
material: MaterialContext,
config: SelectorConfig,
*,
session_id: str,
) -> SelectorOutcome:
"""生成候选池 → 视觉打分 → 区间选 3 干扰项 → 重组四选项。
退火(凑不齐 3 个时按序):① 追加 N 个候选使池达 2N 再打分;② 逐步放宽
δ_high(纯重选,不再调 VLM);③ 仍不足则 hard_fail(调用方走重出)。
参数:
vlm: VLM 端口。
question: 题干。
correct_text: 正解文本(无字母前缀)。
material: 采样素材(提供 frame_paths / subtitles)。
config: selector 科研参数。
session_id: 遥测会话 ID。
返回:
SelectorOutcome。成功时 options=A 正解+3 grounded 干扰项;hard_fail
时 options=None,但 observation 始终存在供落库。
"""
candidates = await _generate_pool(
vlm, question, correct_text, material, config.candidate_pool_size, session_id=session_id
)
# options[0] 恒为正解
scored = await _score_options(vlm, question, [correct_text, *candidates], material, session_id=session_id)
correct_score, cand_scores = scored[0], scored[1:]
anneal_rounds = 0
chosen = _select_in_interval(
correct_score, candidates, cand_scores, config.delta_low, config.delta_high
)
# 退火 1: 追加 N 个候选使池达 2N(仅对新增候选打分,正解分保持首轮值)
if chosen is None:
anneal_rounds += 1
more = await _generate_pool(
vlm, question, correct_text, material, config.candidate_pool_size, session_id=session_id
)
more = [m for m in more if m not in candidates]
if more:
more_scores = await _score_options(
vlm, question, [correct_text, *more], material, session_id=session_id
)
candidates = candidates + more
cand_scores = cand_scores + more_scores[1:]
chosen = _select_in_interval(
correct_score, candidates, cand_scores, config.delta_low, config.delta_high
)
# 退火 2: 放宽 δ_high(下界下移,纳入更低分候选),δ_low 不动
relax = 0
delta_high = config.delta_high
while chosen is None and relax < config.max_delta_relax:
relax += 1
anneal_rounds += 1
delta_high = delta_high + config.delta_relax_step
chosen = _select_in_interval(
correct_score, candidates, cand_scores, config.delta_low, delta_high
)
hard_fail = chosen is None
observation = {
"correct_score": correct_score,
"chosen": [
cand_scores[candidates.index(c)] for c in (chosen or [])
],
"pool_size": len(candidates),
"anneal_rounds": anneal_rounds,
"delta_high_final": delta_high,
"hard_fail": hard_fail,
}
if hard_fail:
logger.warning(
"grounded selector 硬失败: correct={:.3f}, pool={}, anneal={}",
correct_score, len(candidates), anneal_rounds,
)
# observation 仍返回,供 pipeline 落 selector_scores(设计 §3.3 退化观测)
return SelectorOutcome(observation=observation)
options = (
f"A. {correct_text}",
f"B. {chosen[0]}",
f"C. {chosen[1]}",
f"D. {chosen[2]}",
)
return SelectorOutcome(observation=observation, options=options, answer="A")