diff --git a/app/harness/workspace.py b/app/harness/workspace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c13452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/harness/workspace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+"""Workspace 生命周期管理 + manifest 读写 + Protocol 实现。
+
+Workspace 是一次实验的独立工作区，通过 manifest.json 引用 Store 中的
+特定版本资源并记录实验过程。Skills/Prompts 权重拷入 workspace 本地，
+训练产物只进 workspace 不污染 Store。
+
+VersionedSkillStore / VersionedPromptStore 实现 core/evolution/protocols.py
+中定义的只读端口，供 core/ 层以 Protocol 方式读取技能和提示词。
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import shutil
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from loguru import logger
+
+from app.harness.store import read_seed
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ResolvedPaths:
+    """manifest 解析后的绝对路径集合。
+
+    属性:
+        store_dir: Store 根目录绝对路径。
+        videos_dir: 视频数据目录。
+        questions_dir: 当前引用的题目目录。
+        skills_dir: 当前引用的 Skill 版本目录（workspace 内）。
+        prompts_dir: 当前引用的 Prompt 版本目录（workspace 内）。
+        workspace_dir: Workspace 根目录。
+        db_path: harness.db 路径。
+        analyses_dir: 分析报告目录。
+        runs_dir: 运行临时状态目录。
+    """
+
+    store_dir: Path
+    videos_dir: Path
+    questions_dir: Path
+    skills_dir: Path
+    prompts_dir: Path
+    workspace_dir: Path
+    db_path: Path
+    analyses_dir: Path
+    runs_dir: Path
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 内部工具
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_MANIFEST_CURRENT_KEYS = {"videos", "questions", "skills", "prompts"}
+
+
+def _now_iso() -> str:
+    """返回当前 UTC 时间的 ISO 格式字符串。"""
+    return datetime.now(UTC).isoformat()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Workspace 核心函数
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _scaffold_workspace(
+    workspace_dir: Path,
+    store_dir: Path,
+    questions: str,
+    skills_version: str,
+    prompts_version: str,
+) -> None:
+    """写 manifest + 建 analyses/runs 目录（不拷权重；权重由调用方按来源拷入）。
+
+    参数:
+        workspace_dir: 目标 workspace（由调用方保证不存在）。
+        store_dir: Store 根目录。
+        questions: 题目相对路径，如 ``'benchmarks/Video-MME'``。
+        skills_version: manifest.current.skills 初始版本号。
+        prompts_version: manifest.current.prompts 初始版本号。
+
+    关键实现:
+        不依赖任何外部资源源（store 中的 skills/prompts 是否存在不在此校验），
+        因此可被 init_workspace 与种子初始化复用；store 引用以相对路径写入 manifest。
+    """
+    workspace_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (workspace_dir / "analyses").mkdir()
+    (workspace_dir / "runs").mkdir()
+
+    store_abs = store_dir.resolve()
+    store_rel = os.path.relpath(store_abs, workspace_dir.resolve())
+
+    manifest = {
+        "name": workspace_dir.name,
+        "created_at": _now_iso(),
+        "store": store_rel,
+        "current": {
+            "videos": "videos",
+            "questions": f"questions/{questions}",
+            "skills": f"skills/{skills_version}",
+            "prompts": f"prompts/{prompts_version}",
+        },
+        "history": [],
+    }
+    (workspace_dir / "manifest.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifest, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2))
+
+
+def init_workspace(
+    workspace_dir: Path,
+    store_dir: Path,
+    questions: str,
+    skills_version: str,
+    prompts_version: str,
+) -> None:
+    """创建 Workspace 目录并写入初始 manifest.json，拷贝种子权重。
+
+    参数:
+        workspace_dir: Workspace 目标路径（不得已存在）。
+        store_dir: Store 根目录。
+        questions: 题目在 questions/ 下的相对路径，如 ``"benchmarks/Video-MME"``。
+        skills_version: Skills 版本号，如 ``"v1"``。
+        prompts_version: Prompts 版本号，如 ``"v1"``。
+
+    异常:
+        FileExistsError: Workspace 目录已存在。
+        FileNotFoundError: 引用的资源在 Store 中不存在。
+    """
+    if workspace_dir.exists():
+        raise FileExistsError(f"Workspace 已存在: {workspace_dir}")
+
+    store_abs = store_dir.resolve()
+    refs = {
+        "skills": f"skills/{skills_version}",
+        "prompts": f"prompts/{prompts_version}",
+        "questions": f"questions/{questions}",
+    }
+    for label, rel in refs.items():
+        full = store_abs / rel
+        if not full.is_dir():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"Store 中不存在 {label}: {full}")
+
+    _scaffold_workspace(workspace_dir, store_dir, questions, skills_version, prompts_version)
+
+    # 拷种子权重进 workspace：v2+ 训练产物只进 workspace，不污染 store
+    shutil.copytree(store_abs / refs["skills"], workspace_dir / refs["skills"])
+    shutil.copytree(store_abs / refs["prompts"], workspace_dir / refs["prompts"])
+    logger.info("Workspace 初始化完成: {}", workspace_dir)
+
+
+def init_workspace_from_seed(
+    workspace_dir: Path,
+    store_dir: Path,
+    seed_name: str,
+    questions: str,
+) -> str:
+    """从种子全新建 workspace：拷权重 -> v1、baseline.db -> harness.db、读 baseline_run_id。
+
+    参数:
+        workspace_dir: 目标 workspace（不得已存在）。
+        store_dir: Store 根目录。
+        seed_name: 种子名（store/seeds 下）。
+        questions: 题目相对路径，如 ``'benchmarks/Video-MME'``。
+
+    返回:
+        baseline_run_id（供 build_pools 使用）。
+
+    异常:
+        FileExistsError: workspace 已存在。
+        FileNotFoundError: 种子不存在（由 read_seed 抛出），或 questions ref 目录不存在。
+
+    关键实现:
+        破坏性/创建操作前先校验 questions ref 存在：fresh 路径在 runner 侧已先
+        归档旧 ws，若到 build_pools 才发现 questions 缺失则旧 ws 已被毁；
+        故在此尽早报错（fail-fast），让新 ws 在创建前失败。
+    """
+    if workspace_dir.exists():
+        raise FileExistsError(f"Workspace 已存在: {workspace_dir}")
+
+    # 校验种子存在 + 取 baseline_run_id
+    meta = read_seed(store_dir, seed_name)
+
+    # fail-fast：校验 questions ref 存在
+    questions_ref = store_dir / "questions" / questions
+    if not questions_ref.is_dir():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"questions ref 目录不存在: {questions_ref}")
+
+    seed_dir = store_dir / "seeds" / seed_name
+    _scaffold_workspace(workspace_dir, store_dir, questions, "v1", "v1")
+    shutil.copytree(seed_dir / "skills", workspace_dir / "skills" / "v1")
+    shutil.copytree(seed_dir / "prompts", workspace_dir / "prompts" / "v1")
+    shutil.copy2(seed_dir / "baseline.db", workspace_dir / "harness.db")
+
+    logger.info("Workspace 从种子 '{}' 初始化完成: {}", seed_name, workspace_dir)
+    return meta["baseline_run_id"]
+
+
+def load_manifest(workspace_dir: Path) -> dict:
+    """读取并返回 workspace 的 manifest.json。
+
+    参数:
+        workspace_dir: Workspace 根目录。
+
+    返回:
+        manifest 字典。
+
+    异常:
+        FileNotFoundError: manifest.json 不存在。
+    """
+    manifest_path = workspace_dir / "manifest.json"
+    if not manifest_path.exists():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"manifest.json 不存在: {manifest_path}")
+    return json.loads(manifest_path.read_text())
+
+
+def resolve_paths(workspace_dir: Path) -> ResolvedPaths:
+    """读取 manifest，解析 current 中所有资源的绝对路径。
+
+    skills_dir/prompts_dir 解析到 workspace（非 store），
+    videos_dir/questions_dir 解析到 store。
+
+    参数:
+        workspace_dir: Workspace 根目录。
+
+    返回:
+        ResolvedPaths 实例，包含所有资源的绝对路径。
+    """
+    manifest = load_manifest(workspace_dir)
+    ws_abs = workspace_dir.resolve()
+    store_abs = (ws_abs / manifest["store"]).resolve()
+    current = manifest["current"]
+    return ResolvedPaths(
+        store_dir=store_abs,
+        videos_dir=store_abs / current["videos"],
+        questions_dir=store_abs / current["questions"],
+        skills_dir=ws_abs / current["skills"],
+        prompts_dir=ws_abs / current["prompts"],
+        workspace_dir=ws_abs,
+        db_path=ws_abs / "harness.db",
+        analyses_dir=ws_abs / "analyses",
+        runs_dir=ws_abs / "runs",
+    )
+
+
+def list_video_ids(workspace_dir: Path) -> list[str]:
+    """列出 workspace 引用的所有视频 ID（含 tree.json 的子目录名）。
+
+    参数:
+        workspace_dir: Workspace 根目录。
+
+    返回:
+        排序后的视频 ID 列表。
+    """
+    paths = resolve_paths(workspace_dir)
+    video_ids = []
+    for entry in paths.videos_dir.iterdir():
+        if entry.is_dir() and (entry / "tree.json").exists():
+            video_ids.append(entry.name)
+    return sorted(video_ids)
+
+
+def update_manifest(workspace_dir: Path, **version_updates: str) -> None:
+    """更新 manifest 的 current 字段。
+
+    参数:
+        workspace_dir: Workspace 根目录。
+        **version_updates: 要更新的字段及其新值，如 ``skills="skills/v2"``。
+
+    异常:
+        KeyError: 更新的字段不在 current 允许的 key 白名单中。
+    """
+    invalid = set(version_updates) - _MANIFEST_CURRENT_KEYS
+    if invalid:
+        raise KeyError(f"无效的 manifest current 字段: {invalid}")
+    manifest = load_manifest(workspace_dir)
+    manifest["current"].update(version_updates)
+    (workspace_dir / "manifest.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifest, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2))
+
+
+def record_run(workspace_dir: Path, run_id: str) -> Path:
+    """将 current 版本快照追加到 manifest history，创建 run 目录和 per-video wiki 目录。
+
+    幂等：同 run_id 不重复追加 history（长跑中断后重启 / held-out 复用 run_id 时）。
+
+    参数:
+        workspace_dir: Workspace 根目录。
+        run_id: 本次运行的唯一标识，如 ``"run_001"``。
+
+    返回:
+        创建的 run 目录路径。
+    """
+    manifest = load_manifest(workspace_dir)
+    current = manifest["current"]
+
+    # 幂等：同 run_id 不重复追加 history
+    if not any(h["run_id"] == run_id for h in manifest["history"]):
+        manifest["history"].append(
+            {
+                "run_id": run_id,
+                "started_at": _now_iso(),
+                "skills": current["skills"],
+                "prompts": current["prompts"],
+                "questions": current["questions"],
+            }
+        )
+        (workspace_dir / "manifest.json").write_text(
+            json.dumps(manifest, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+        )
+
+    run_dir = workspace_dir / "runs" / run_id
+    # exist_ok：同 run_id 重跑时 run 目录已存在不应崩溃
+    run_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    for video_id in list_video_ids(workspace_dir):
+        (run_dir / video_id / "wiki").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    logger.debug("Run 已记录: {}", run_id)
+    return run_dir
+
+
+def read_best(workspace_dir: Path) -> dict | None:
+    """读取 manifest 的 best 指针，未设置时返回 None。
+
+    参数:
+        workspace_dir: Workspace 根目录。
+
+    返回:
+        best 字典（skills/prompts/val_acc/run_id/epoch），未设置时 None。
+    """
+    return load_manifest(workspace_dir).get("best")
+
+
+def update_best(
+    workspace_dir: Path,
+    skills: str,
+    prompts: str,
+    val_acc: float,
+    run_id: str,
+    epoch: int,
+) -> None:
+    """写入 manifest 的 best 指针（历史最优版本快照，与 current 平级）。
+
+    best 独立于 current——更新 best 不影响 current。
+
+    参数:
+        workspace_dir: Workspace 根目录。
+        skills: 最优 skills 版本完整 ref，如 ``'skills/v2'``。
+        prompts: 最优 prompts 版本完整 ref，如 ``'prompts/v2'``。
+        val_acc: 该版本验证集准确率。
+        run_id: 该版本验证 run_id。
+        epoch: 达成该最优的轮次。
+    """
+    manifest = load_manifest(workspace_dir)
+    manifest["best"] = {
+        "skills": skills,
+        "prompts": prompts,
+        "val_acc": val_acc,
+        "run_id": run_id,
+        "epoch": epoch,
+    }
+    (workspace_dir / "manifest.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifest, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2))
+    logger.info("Best 已更新: val_acc={}, run={}, epoch={}", val_acc, run_id, epoch)
+
+
+def archive_workspace(workspace_dir: Path) -> Path:
+    """把 workspace 整体移动到同级 .archive/<name>-<ts>，返回归档路径。
+
+    参数:
+        workspace_dir: 要归档的 Workspace 根目录。
+
+    返回:
+        归档后的目标路径。
+
+    异常:
+        FileNotFoundError: workspace 不存在。
+    """
+    if not workspace_dir.exists():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"workspace 不存在: {workspace_dir}")
+
+    archive_root = workspace_dir.parent / ".archive"
+    archive_root.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    ts = datetime.now(UTC).strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S")
+    target = archive_root / f"{workspace_dir.name}-{ts}"
+    shutil.move(str(workspace_dir), str(target))
+
+    logger.info("Workspace 已归档: {} -> {}", workspace_dir, target)
+    return target
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Protocol 实现：VersionedSkillStore / VersionedPromptStore
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class VersionedSkillStore:
+    """版本化技能读取端口实现。
+
+    满足 ``core/evolution/protocols.py::SkillStore`` Protocol。
+    从指定的 skills 版本目录读取 ``.md`` 文件。
+
+    参数:
+        skills_dir: skills 版本目录绝对路径（如 ``workspace/skills/v1``）。
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, skills_dir: Path) -> None:
+        if not skills_dir.is_dir():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"Skills 目录不存在: {skills_dir}")
+        self._dir = skills_dir
+
+    def read_skill(self, filename: str) -> str:
+        """读取指定 skill 文件的全文内容。
+
+        参数:
+            filename: skill 文件名，如 ``'temporal-reasoning.md'``。
+
+        返回:
+            文件全文内容。
+
+        异常:
+            FileNotFoundError: 文件不存在。
+        """
+        path = self._dir / filename
+        if not path.exists():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"Skill 文件不存在: {path}")
+        return path.read_text()
+
+    def list_skill_files(self) -> list[str]:
+        """列出当前版本所有 skill 文件名。
+
+        返回:
+            文件名列表（排序）。
+        """
+        return sorted(entry.name for entry in self._dir.iterdir() if entry.is_file())
+
+
+class VersionedPromptStore:
+    """版本化提示词读取端口实现。
+
+    满足 ``core/evolution/protocols.py::PromptStore`` Protocol。
+    从指定的 prompts 版本目录读取 ``.md`` 文件。
+
+    参数:
+        prompts_dir: prompts 版本目录绝对路径（如 ``workspace/prompts/v1``）。
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, prompts_dir: Path) -> None:
+        if not prompts_dir.is_dir():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"Prompts 目录不存在: {prompts_dir}")
+        self._dir = prompts_dir
+
+    def read_prompt(self, filename: str) -> str:
+        """读取指定 prompt 文件的全文内容。
+
+        参数:
+            filename: prompt 文件名，如 ``'system.md'``。
+
+        返回:
+            文件全文内容。
+
+        异常:
+            FileNotFoundError: 文件不存在。
+        """
+        path = self._dir / filename
+        if not path.exists():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"Prompt 文件不存在: {path}")
+        return path.read_text()
+
+    def list_prompt_files(self) -> list[str]:
+        """列出当前版本所有 prompt 文件名。
+
+        返回:
+            文件名列表（排序）。
+        """
+        return sorted(entry.name for entry in self._dir.iterdir() if entry.is_file())
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_harness_workspace.py b/tests/unit/test_harness_workspace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f11fb6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/test_harness_workspace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+"""app/harness/workspace 单元测试。
+
+覆盖 Workspace 生命周期管理、manifest 读写、
+VersionedSkillStore / VersionedPromptStore Protocol 合规。
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import shutil
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.harness.workspace import (
+    ResolvedPaths,
+    VersionedPromptStore,
+    VersionedSkillStore,
+    archive_workspace,
+    init_workspace,
+    init_workspace_from_seed,
+    list_video_ids,
+    load_manifest,
+    read_best,
+    record_run,
+    resolve_paths,
+    update_best,
+    update_manifest,
+)
+from core.evolution.protocols import PromptStore, SkillStore
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Fixtures
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def store_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """构建一个最小 Store 目录结构供测试使用。"""
+    sd = tmp_path / "store"
+    sd.mkdir()
+
+    # videos：两个含 tree.json 的视频目录
+    for vid in ("vid_A", "vid_B"):
+        vdir = sd / "videos" / vid
+        vdir.mkdir(parents=True)
+        (vdir / "tree.json").write_text("{}")
+
+    # skills/v1 + prompts/v1
+    s1 = sd / "skills" / "v1"
+    s1.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (s1 / "temporal-reasoning.md").write_text("skill content A")
+    (s1 / "spatial-analysis.md").write_text("skill content B")
+
+    p1 = sd / "prompts" / "v1"
+    p1.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (p1 / "system.md").write_text("system prompt v1")
+    (p1 / "extract.md").write_text("extract prompt v1")
+
+    # questions/benchmarks/Video-MME
+    q = sd / "questions" / "benchmarks" / "Video-MME"
+    q.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (q / "q1.json").write_text('{"id": "q1"}')
+
+    # seed "initial"
+    seed_dir = sd / "seeds" / "initial"
+    seed_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    shutil.copytree(s1, seed_dir / "skills")
+    shutil.copytree(p1, seed_dir / "prompts")
+    baseline_db = seed_dir / "baseline.db"
+    baseline_db.write_bytes(b"")
+    (seed_dir / "seed.json").write_text(
+        json.dumps({"baseline_run_id": "baseline-001", "parent": None})
+    )
+    return sd
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def workspace_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """返回一个不存在的 workspace 路径。"""
+    return tmp_path / "ws_test"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# ResolvedPaths
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_resolved_paths_frozen() -> None:
+    """ResolvedPaths 实例应不可变。"""
+    rp = ResolvedPaths(
+        store_dir=Path("/s"),
+        videos_dir=Path("/v"),
+        questions_dir=Path("/q"),
+        skills_dir=Path("/sk"),
+        prompts_dir=Path("/p"),
+        workspace_dir=Path("/w"),
+        db_path=Path("/d"),
+        analyses_dir=Path("/a"),
+        runs_dir=Path("/r"),
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+        rp.store_dir = Path("/other")  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# init_workspace
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_init_workspace(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """init_workspace 应创建 manifest、拷贝权重。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+
+    # manifest 存在
+    manifest = json.loads((workspace_dir / "manifest.json").read_text())
+    assert manifest["current"]["skills"] == "skills/v1"
+    assert manifest["current"]["prompts"] == "prompts/v1"
+    assert manifest["current"]["questions"] == "questions/benchmarks/Video-MME"
+
+    # 权重已拷入 workspace
+    assert (workspace_dir / "skills" / "v1" / "temporal-reasoning.md").exists()
+    assert (workspace_dir / "prompts" / "v1" / "system.md").exists()
+
+    # analyses, runs 目录已创建
+    assert (workspace_dir / "analyses").is_dir()
+    assert (workspace_dir / "runs").is_dir()
+
+    # 重复创建应报错
+    with pytest.raises(FileExistsError):
+        init_workspace(
+            workspace_dir,
+            store_dir,
+            questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+            skills_version="v1",
+            prompts_version="v1",
+        )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# init_workspace_from_seed
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_init_workspace_from_seed(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """从种子初始化应拷权重 + baseline.db + 返回 baseline_run_id。"""
+    run_id = init_workspace_from_seed(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        seed_name="initial",
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+    )
+    assert run_id == "baseline-001"
+
+    # 权重在 workspace
+    assert (workspace_dir / "skills" / "v1" / "temporal-reasoning.md").exists()
+    assert (workspace_dir / "prompts" / "v1" / "system.md").exists()
+
+    # baseline.db -> harness.db
+    assert (workspace_dir / "harness.db").exists()
+
+    # manifest 正确
+    manifest = json.loads((workspace_dir / "manifest.json").read_text())
+    assert manifest["current"]["skills"] == "skills/v1"
+
+
+def test_init_workspace_from_seed_missing_questions(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """questions ref 不存在应 fail-fast（FileNotFoundError），不创建 workspace。"""
+    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError, match="questions ref"):
+        init_workspace_from_seed(
+            workspace_dir,
+            store_dir,
+            seed_name="initial",
+            questions="benchmarks/NONEXISTENT",
+        )
+    # workspace 不应被创建
+    assert not workspace_dir.exists()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# load_manifest
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_load_manifest(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """正常加载 manifest。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    manifest = load_manifest(workspace_dir)
+    assert "current" in manifest
+    assert "history" in manifest
+    assert manifest["current"]["skills"] == "skills/v1"
+
+
+def test_load_manifest_missing(workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """manifest 不存在应 FileNotFoundError。"""
+    workspace_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+        load_manifest(workspace_dir)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# update_manifest
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_update_manifest_invalid_key(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """非法 key 应 KeyError。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError, match="无效"):
+        update_manifest(workspace_dir, bad_key="skills/v2")
+
+
+def test_update_manifest_valid(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """合法 key 应更新 manifest current。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    update_manifest(workspace_dir, skills="skills/v2")
+    manifest = load_manifest(workspace_dir)
+    assert manifest["current"]["skills"] == "skills/v2"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# record_run
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_record_run_idempotent(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """同 run_id 调用两次不应重复追加 history。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    run_dir1 = record_run(workspace_dir, "run_001")
+    run_dir2 = record_run(workspace_dir, "run_001")
+
+    # 返回路径一致
+    assert run_dir1 == run_dir2
+
+    # history 只有一条
+    manifest = load_manifest(workspace_dir)
+    matched = [h for h in manifest["history"] if h["run_id"] == "run_001"]
+    assert len(matched) == 1
+
+    # run 目录存在
+    assert run_dir1.is_dir()
+
+    # per-video wiki 目录存在
+    assert (run_dir1 / "vid_A" / "wiki").is_dir()
+    assert (run_dir1 / "vid_B" / "wiki").is_dir()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# update_best / read_best
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_update_best_independent_of_current(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """best 应独立于 current——更新 best 不影响 current。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+
+    # 初始无 best
+    assert read_best(workspace_dir) is None
+
+    # 设置 best
+    update_best(
+        workspace_dir,
+        skills="skills/v3",
+        prompts="prompts/v3",
+        val_acc=0.85,
+        run_id="run_005",
+        epoch=3,
+    )
+
+    best = read_best(workspace_dir)
+    assert best is not None
+    assert best["skills"] == "skills/v3"
+    assert best["val_acc"] == 0.85
+    assert best["epoch"] == 3
+
+    # current 不受影响
+    manifest = load_manifest(workspace_dir)
+    assert manifest["current"]["skills"] == "skills/v1"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# archive_workspace
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_archive_workspace(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """归档应把 workspace 移到 .archive/ 下。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    archived = archive_workspace(workspace_dir)
+
+    # 原目录不存在
+    assert not workspace_dir.exists()
+
+    # 归档目录存在并包含 manifest
+    assert archived.is_dir()
+    assert (archived / "manifest.json").exists()
+
+    # 归档路径在 .archive 下
+    assert archived.parent.name == ".archive"
+
+
+def test_archive_workspace_missing(workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """归档不存在的 workspace 应 FileNotFoundError。"""
+    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+        archive_workspace(workspace_dir)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# list_video_ids
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_list_video_ids(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """列出 workspace 引用的所有视频 ID。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    ids = list_video_ids(workspace_dir)
+    assert ids == ["vid_A", "vid_B"]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# resolve_paths
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_resolve_paths(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """resolve_paths 应正确解析绝对路径。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    rp = resolve_paths(workspace_dir)
+
+    # skills_dir/prompts_dir 解析到 workspace（非 store）
+    ws_abs = workspace_dir.resolve()
+    assert rp.skills_dir == ws_abs / "skills" / "v1"
+    assert rp.prompts_dir == ws_abs / "prompts" / "v1"
+
+    # videos/questions 解析到 store
+    store_abs = store_dir.resolve()
+    assert rp.videos_dir == store_abs / "videos"
+    assert rp.questions_dir == store_abs / "questions" / "benchmarks" / "Video-MME"
+
+    # db_path, analyses, runs
+    assert rp.db_path == ws_abs / "harness.db"
+    assert rp.analyses_dir == ws_abs / "analyses"
+    assert rp.runs_dir == ws_abs / "runs"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# VersionedSkillStore
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_versioned_skill_store_read(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """read_skill 应返回文件全文。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    skills_dir = workspace_dir / "skills" / "v1"
+    store = VersionedSkillStore(skills_dir)
+    content = store.read_skill("temporal-reasoning.md")
+    assert content == "skill content A"
+
+
+def test_versioned_skill_store_read_missing(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """读取不存在的 skill 文件应 FileNotFoundError。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    skills_dir = workspace_dir / "skills" / "v1"
+    store = VersionedSkillStore(skills_dir)
+    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+        store.read_skill("nonexistent.md")
+
+
+def test_versioned_skill_store_list(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """list_skill_files 应列出所有 skill 文件名（排序）。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    skills_dir = workspace_dir / "skills" / "v1"
+    store = VersionedSkillStore(skills_dir)
+    files = store.list_skill_files()
+    assert sorted(files) == ["spatial-analysis.md", "temporal-reasoning.md"]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# VersionedPromptStore
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_versioned_prompt_store(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """VersionedPromptStore 读写功能验证。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    prompts_dir = workspace_dir / "prompts" / "v1"
+    store = VersionedPromptStore(prompts_dir)
+
+    content = store.read_prompt("system.md")
+    assert content == "system prompt v1"
+
+    files = store.list_prompt_files()
+    assert sorted(files) == ["extract.md", "system.md"]
+
+
+def test_versioned_prompt_store_read_missing(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """读取不存在的 prompt 文件应 FileNotFoundError。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    prompts_dir = workspace_dir / "prompts" / "v1"
+    store = VersionedPromptStore(prompts_dir)
+    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+        store.read_prompt("nonexistent.md")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Protocol 合规
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_skill_store_protocol_compliance(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """VersionedSkillStore 应满足 core/evolution/protocols.py::SkillStore Protocol。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    skills_dir = workspace_dir / "skills" / "v1"
+    store = VersionedSkillStore(skills_dir)
+    assert isinstance(store, SkillStore)
+
+
+def test_prompt_store_protocol_compliance(store_dir: Path, workspace_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """VersionedPromptStore 应满足 core/evolution/protocols.py::PromptStore Protocol。"""
+    init_workspace(
+        workspace_dir,
+        store_dir,
+        questions="benchmarks/Video-MME",
+        skills_version="v1",
+        prompts_version="v1",
+    )
+    prompts_dir = workspace_dir / "prompts" / "v1"
+    store = VersionedPromptStore(prompts_dir)
+    assert isinstance(store, PromptStore)