diff --git a/app/ports.py b/app/ports.py
index 89ac1a7..147f109 100644
--- a/app/ports.py
+++ b/app/ports.py
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Protocol, runtime_checkable
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import numpy as np
 
+    from app.tree.index import TreeIndex
+    from core.types import GeneratedQuestion
+
 
 @runtime_checkable
 class EmbeddingProvider(Protocol):
@@ -29,3 +32,27 @@ class EmbeddingProvider(Protocol):
             [N, D] ndarray，每行 L2 范数为 1.0。
         """
         ...
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class QuestionGenerator(Protocol):
+    """LLM 驱动的题目生成端口（预留接口）。
+
+    参数:
+        video_id: 视频标识。
+        task_type: 题型。
+        tree: 视频树索引，提供锚节点上下文。
+        exemplars: 风格示例题目列表。
+
+    返回:
+        生成的单条题目。
+    """
+
+    async def generate(
+        self,
+        video_id: str,
+        task_type: str,
+        tree: TreeIndex,
+        *,
+        exemplars: list[GeneratedQuestion],
+    ) -> GeneratedQuestion: ...
diff --git a/app/question_gen/__init__.py b/app/question_gen/__init__.py
index e69de29..9867a7d 100644
--- a/app/question_gen/__init__.py
+++ b/app/question_gen/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""出题模块 — benchmark 加载与分层采样。"""
+
+from app.question_gen.loader import load_benchmark, stratified_sample
+
+__all__ = ["load_benchmark", "stratified_sample"]
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_question_gen_api.py b/tests/unit/test_question_gen_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a4a8f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/test_question_gen_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""app/ports.py QuestionGenerator Protocol 与 app/question_gen 公开 API 测试。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib
+
+from app.ports import QuestionGenerator
+
+
+class TestQuestionGeneratorProtocol:
+    def test_importable(self) -> None:
+        """QuestionGenerator 可从 app.ports 导入。"""
+        assert QuestionGenerator is not None
+
+    def test_is_runtime_checkable(self) -> None:
+        """QuestionGenerator 是 runtime_checkable Protocol。"""
+        assert hasattr(QuestionGenerator, "__protocol_attrs__") or hasattr(
+            QuestionGenerator, "__abstractmethods__"
+        )
+
+    def test_generate_method_exists(self) -> None:
+        """Protocol 定义了 generate 方法。"""
+        assert hasattr(QuestionGenerator, "generate")
+
+
+class TestQuestionGenPublicAPI:
+    def test_load_benchmark_importable_from_package(self) -> None:
+        """load_benchmark 可从 app.question_gen 直接导入。"""
+        mod = importlib.import_module("app.question_gen")
+        assert hasattr(mod, "load_benchmark")
+
+    def test_stratified_sample_importable_from_package(self) -> None:
+        """stratified_sample 可从 app.question_gen 直接导入。"""
+        mod = importlib.import_module("app.question_gen")
+        assert hasattr(mod, "stratified_sample")
+
+    def test_all_exports(self) -> None:
+        """__all__ 包含预期的公开 API。"""
+        mod = importlib.import_module("app.question_gen")
+        assert set(mod.__all__) == {"load_benchmark", "stratified_sample"}