diff --git a/core/types.py b/core/types.py
index a3f2938..c8838c7 100644
--- a/core/types.py
+++ b/core/types.py
@@ -23,3 +23,31 @@ class LLMResponse:
     max_inter_token_ms: float | None
     cache_hit: bool
     call_id: str
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class GeneratedQuestion:
+    """单条生成/加载的题目。
+
+    跨层共享类型，被 core/evolution/ 和 app/harness/、app/question_gen/ 使用。
+    frozen=True 确保题目不可变。
+
+    属性:
+        question_id: 题目唯一标识。
+        video_id: 所属视频标识。
+        task_type: 题型（如 "Action Reasoning"）。
+        question: 题目文本。
+        options: 选项元组（如 ("A. ...", "B. ...", "C. ...", "D. ...")）。
+        answer: 正确答案字母（如 "B"）。
+        source_nodes: 来源节点 ID 元组。
+        difficulty: 难度等级。
+    """
+
+    question_id: str
+    video_id: str
+    task_type: str
+    question: str
+    options: tuple[str, ...]
+    answer: str
+    source_nodes: tuple[str, ...]
+    difficulty: str
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_core_types.py b/tests/unit/test_core_types.py
index 45947e2..0439f02 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_core_types.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_core_types.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 """core/types.py 单元测试。"""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pytest
 
-from core.types import LLMResponse
+from core.types import GeneratedQuestion, LLMResponse
 
 
 class TestLLMResponse:
@@ -42,10 +43,58 @@ class TestLLMResponse:
 
     def test_cache_hit_response_has_none_ttft(self) -> None:
         resp = LLMResponse(
-            content="cached", thinking="", model="m", provider="p",
-            prompt_tokens=0, completion_tokens=0, latency_ms=1,
-            ttft_ms=None, max_inter_token_ms=None, cache_hit=True, call_id="c",
+            content="cached",
+            thinking="",
+            model="m",
+            provider="p",
+            prompt_tokens=0,
+            completion_tokens=0,
+            latency_ms=1,
+            ttft_ms=None,
+            max_inter_token_ms=None,
+            cache_hit=True,
+            call_id="c",
         )
         assert resp.ttft_ms is None
         assert resp.max_inter_token_ms is None
         assert resp.cache_hit is True
+
+
+class TestGeneratedQuestion:
+    @pytest.fixture()
+    def sample_question(self) -> GeneratedQuestion:
+        return GeneratedQuestion(
+            question_id="719-1",
+            video_id="B7Hh0PY1kks",
+            task_type="Action Reasoning",
+            question="What are the differing motivations?",
+            options=("A. Option 1", "B. Option 2", "C. Option 3", "D. Option 4"),
+            answer="B",
+            source_nodes=(),
+            difficulty="medium",
+        )
+
+    def test_frozen_prevents_mutation(self, sample_question: GeneratedQuestion) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+            sample_question.question = "篡改"
+
+    def test_all_fields_accessible(self, sample_question: GeneratedQuestion) -> None:
+        assert sample_question.question_id == "719-1"
+        assert sample_question.video_id == "B7Hh0PY1kks"
+        assert sample_question.task_type == "Action Reasoning"
+        assert sample_question.question == "What are the differing motivations?"
+        assert sample_question.options == (
+            "A. Option 1",
+            "B. Option 2",
+            "C. Option 3",
+            "D. Option 4",
+        )
+        assert sample_question.answer == "B"
+        assert sample_question.source_nodes == ()
+        assert sample_question.difficulty == "medium"
+
+    def test_options_is_tuple(self, sample_question: GeneratedQuestion) -> None:
+        assert isinstance(sample_question.options, tuple)
+
+    def test_source_nodes_is_tuple(self, sample_question: GeneratedQuestion) -> None:
+        assert isinstance(sample_question.source_nodes, tuple)